Biomass and Bio Gas Energy Biomass is organic matter produced by plants, both terrestrial (those grown on land) and aquatic (those grown in water) and their derivatives. It consists of forest crops and residues, special plantation on ‘energy form’ and animal manure.  Bio-mass resources are classified into three categories Bio-mass : Traditional form i.e. solid … Read more

Merits and Demerits of Wind Power Q. What are 5 advantages of wind energy? Q. What are the three disadvantages of wind energy? Q. Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy Advantages of Wind Power It is plentiful. It is inexhaustible. It is renewable. It is non-polluting. Operating cost of wind mill is negligible. It does not impose … Read more

Medium Temperature Solar Power Plant Concentrating collectors are used in such plant. Temperature limit is 250° to 400°C. Water is used to heat carrier from collector. Components of Medium Temperature Solar Power Plant 1. Array of solar concentrating collector, 2. Storage tank, 3. Steam generator, 4. Steam turbine, 5. Generator, 6. Condenser. Array used is concentrated … Read more

Introduction of Wind Power Plant Winds are generated due to atmospheric temperature difference caused by different areas getting different fluxes of sun-energy (sun-radiations). Air mass tends to move from hot region areas towards colder regional areas this generates winds in the directions. Wind energy depends upon its speed. Speed is higher at higher heights. Thus … Read more

High Temperature Solar Plant using Central Tower Use of central tower receiver. Tower height about 500 m. Array of plane mirrors (Heliostats). Mirrors reflect solar radiations to receiver. Receiver is kept on tower top. Feed water in absorber-receiver (i.e. boiler) converted into steam at high temperature about 700°C. High temperature steam from boiler goes to … Read more

Solar Pond Electric Power Plant Electric Power Generation steps Solar pond filled with brine. Receives solar radiations. Temperature of brine increases-goes to boiler. Working substance evaporates-Vapour R-II goes to turbine-Converted mechanical power drives the generator to produce electrical energy output. R-II liquid goes back to heat exchanger (Boiler) Condenser receives cooling water from cooling water … Read more

Various Biomass Based on Electrical Plants (a) Bio-chemical based (i.e. Bio-gas) power plant. (b) Thermochemical based (Municipal waste) plant. (c) Agro-chemical based (Bio-diesel) plant. Bio-chemical Based (i.e. Bio-gas) Power Plant In the large scale plant following are the output energy and products : Heat energy for drying. Electrical energy to supply local consumers or to … Read more

Low Temperature Solar Power Plant using Array of Flat Plate Collector (Fluid Temperature Range 60°C to 100°C) Fluid used-Low boiling point refrigerant (R-11). Solar collector used – Flat plate solar collector. Working fluid temperature – 60°C to 100°C. Efficiency of plant – Very low, 2 to 3% only. Components – Solar collector, Heat exchange, turbine, … Read more

Types of Collectors There are two main types of collectors : (A) Flat plate collectors. (B) Concentrating collectors. (A) Flat plate collector The construction is shown below : Figure A Absorber plate with number of tubes is prepared by copper tubes and sheets by soldering. This plate is layered by black paint so as to … Read more

Types of Solar Thermal Power Plants There are various types of solar thermal plant from small size to large size and with Tow medium and high temperatures obtained from solar radiations.  Following solar plants are briefly explained with their block diagrams Low, temperature solar power plant using array of flat collector (temperatures 60° to 100°C).  … Read more