Deepakkumar Yadav
Causes of Wind Winds can be broadly classified as planetary and local winds. 1. Planetary winds : Planetary winds are caused due to greater solar heating of the earth’s surface near the equator as compared to solar heating near the northern or southern poles. It causes the hot air to rise from equator to poles … Read more
Introduction of Wind Energy Introduction : Wind energy is an indirect form of solar energy since wind is introduced chiefly by the meven heating of the earth’s crust by the sun. The conversion of this wind energy into electrical power can reduce the power deficit to a large extent. In contrast to direct solar radiations, … Read more
Manufacturing Methods of Mono Crystalline and Poly Crystalline Silicon Cells The main ingradient of PV cells is silicon. Pure Silicon is obtained by carbothermic reduction where silica is heated to 1700 ° C in the presence of carbon. On very slow rate of cooling it forms large sized crystals. Mono crystalline silicon cells are made … Read more
Major Components Solar Pumping System Major components of the system are : (a) Solar panels / Arrays. (b) Charging and control circuit (c) Pumps (d) Water storage system. Tanks may be overhead or underground based on the requirement. A schematic layout of a typical solar pumping system is shown in Figure. 1. Solar Panels : … Read more
Solar Pumping Solar pumps are cost effective solutions for providing water in places where the water sources are scattered, the terrain is rugged and it is difficult to lay electric power lines from the grid and in case pumping is to be done using IC Engine based pumps, having the problem of frequent maintenance , … Read more
Types of Solar Photovoltaic Systems Depending on the method of utilization there can be two configurations : Stand alone system. Grid connected system (Interactive Systems) 1. Stand Alone System : The characteristics of this system are : They supply power to a system Independently without the use of any common grid or connection to any … Read more
Solar Photovoltaic Systems The complete solar photovoltaic system is as shown in Figure A. Figure A The major components of the system are as follows : Photovoltaic array Inverter Energy Storage System Charge Control Balance of System (BOC) Components 1. Photovoltaic Array : The basic component is the solar cell. This is the device which … Read more
Factors Limiting the Efficiency of Solar Cell Solar cells do not operate at the theoretical maximum efficiency. Some of the reasons for this are avoidable. But some are intrinsic. Factors limiting the efficiency are : Reflection losses at the top surface. Shading due to charge collection grid at the top surface. Incomplete absorption of energy … Read more
Basics of Photovoltaics Photovoltaic Materials : There are number of materials showing photovoltaic properties. The commonly used materials are Silicon (Si), Cadmium (Cd). Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). These have comparatively better performance over the other materials having solar photovoltaic properties. The materials have to be fabricated in the form of arrays. The process of fabrication is … Read more
Performance of PV Cell (Current -Voltage Characteristics) A solar cell is generally uses p-n junction. The performance of a solar cell is represented by a plot of its current (ISC) and voltage (VOC) shown in Figure A. Figure A It could be observed that the current initially remains constant with the increase in voltage and … Read more