Hydrographs  Hydrographs are the plots between the river discharge in me’ls and the time. Hydrograph may be plotted on daily, weekly, monthly or yearly basis. It can predict the availability of power from the stream at different time of a day during the year . Hydrograph also help in assessment of flood flow of rivers … Read more

Hydrology The science of hydrology deals with the occurrence and distribution of water over and above the earth’s surface. Such a study is based on meteorology, geology, agricultural physics, chemistry, botany and the various data obtained based on the observation and measurement. From the study of data, it is necessary to calculate the mean rainfall … Read more

Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydro Power Plants over other Power Plants Advantages of Hydro Power Plants : Though its capital cost is comparatively high but its operation cost is much less Due to this the cost of power generation per unit is low. These plants are more reliable, Get Starting and stopping of these plants takes very … Read more

Hydro Electric Power Plants Hydro-electric power plants utilise the potential energy of water to move hydraulic urbines which are coupled to electric generators. Therefore, these plants have to be located where the water resources are available in abundance at sufficient head. The first hydro power plant was set up in 1897 at Darjeeling of 200KW … Read more

Methods of Water Treatment Methods of water treatment are : Mechanical treatment Thermal treatment Chemical treatment 1. Mechanical Treatment : The suspended materials in water can be removed by sedimentation, coagulation and filteration In the process of sedimentation the water is allowed to stand still in big tanks for some time. It allows the solid … Read more

Types of Cooling Towers Various types of cooling towers are : Natural draught cooling towers. Mechanical cooling towers. These are further classified as : (a) Forced draught cooling towers. (b) Induced draught cooling towers. 1. Natural Draught Cooling Towers : A natural draught cooling tower is shown in Figure A. Hot water from the condenser … Read more

Comparison between Natural Draught and Artificial Draught Advantages of artificial draught over natural draught : It reduces the necessary height of the chimney. It increases the evaporative capacity of the boiler due to increased quantity of fuel burnt per m’ of grate area. It provides better control of combustion and increases the plant and combustion … Read more

Natural Draught This is produced with the help of chimney, hence, it is also called as chimney draught. The difference in static pressure by the chimney is produced due to the difference in weight of column of hot gases inside the chimney and the weight of equal column of cold air outside the chimney. Since … Read more

Draught System Draught means the force needed to draw. With regard to the boilers the requirement is to provide an adequate supply of air to the furnace grate to maintain the proper combustion of fuel, to draw the resulting gases from the system and to discharge these flue gases from the chimney to the surroundings. … Read more

Cooling Ponds In case the required amount of water is not available at steam power plant site, either the cooling ponds or cooling towers are constructed. The method of cooling the hot water by cooling ponds compared to cooling towers is simple and inexpensive but it is less efficient. The schematic diagram of a cooling … Read more