Necessity of Cooling Ponds and Cooling Towers The circulating water required for condensing the steam in the condenser depends on the extent of vacuum to be maintained in the condenser, hence, it depends on the extent of cooling desired and the temperature of cooling water available. The heated water coming out of the condenser is … Read more

Sources of Air in the Condenser and the Effects of Air Leakages on Condenser Performance Following are the sources of air leakage into the condenser. The air leaks through the joints since the pressure inside the condenser is less than the atmospheric pressure. This can be reduced by proper workmanship while making the joints. The … Read more

Evaporative Condenser The sketch of an evaporative condenser is shown in Figure. The advantage of such condenser is that it needs very small amount of circulating water and the make up water since the coolant is used again and again. However these condensers are only suitable for small power plants. In this, the exhaust steam … Read more

Surface Condensers The surface condensers are of two types : (I) Surface condensers : In this the steam flows outside the network of tubes and we flows inside the tubes. (II) Evaporative condensers : In this the condenser shell is omitted. The steam puses through condenser tubes and over these tubes the water is sprayed … Read more

Types of Condenser Condensers are mainly of two types viz, (a) Jet condensers (b) Surface condensers. In case of jet condensers the exhaust steam and the cooling water come in direct contact and as a result the steam is condensed. The temperature of condensate and the coolant is same while leaving the condenser. These are … Read more

Functions and Location of Boiler Mountings The function and location of various mountings necessary for control, safe working and maintenance of boilers along with accessories for its efficient operation are given in Table. Sr. No. Name of Boiler Mounting Function Location A. For safe working of boiler 1. Pressure gauge To indicate working pressure of … Read more

Elements of Condensing Plant Figure A Figure B The various components of a condensing plant are shown schematically in Figure A and B depending upon the availability of cooling water needed for condensing the exhaust steam. In case of large capacity power plants, the requirement of cooling water is millions of litres per hour. If … Read more

Introduction to Condensers and Advantages of Condensers In order to develop the maximum work, according to the Carnot’s principle, the heat must be supplied at the maximum possible pressures and temperatures and the heat should be rejected at minimum pressures and temperatures. However, the heat supplied depends upon the pressure of steam to be generated … Read more

Boiler Mountings and Accessories The necessary devices installed or mounted for the safety of boiler and its control are called boiler mountings, The devices which are installed in the boiler for their efficient operation and smooth working are called boiler accessories. Boiler mountings form an integral part of the boiler. They are necessarily required to … Read more

The Carnot Vapour Cycle It has been proved earlier that Carnot cycle is the most efficient cycle operating between the specified temperature limits. Therefore, first we shall consider the Carnot cycle as the prospective ideal cycle However, subsequently it will be shown that Carnot vapour cycle is not suitable for practical development of steam power … Read more