Transformer Oil Test The transformer oil should be checked during periodic maintenance as well as suitability of new oil to be decided. The sample is taken into a standard oil test cell. These tests are recommended as per I.S. (a) Crackle Test of Transformer Oil : It is initially a test aimed to determine the … Read more

Properties and Application of Good Transformer Oil and Agents which Contaminated Transformer Oil Transformer oil is used as di-electric coolant in transformers, switch gears, starters, regulators etc. The satisfactory performance of such equipment largely depends on the conduction and quality of transformer oil. The fresh oil has a pale clear yellow colour. The dark cloudy … Read more

 Conclusion of Conduction and Breakdown Commercial Liquids All the theories discussed above do not consider the dependence of breakdown system on the pap length. They all try to account for the maximum obtainable breakdown strength only. However, experimental evidence showed that he breakdown strength of a liquid depends on the gap length given by   … Read more

Thermal Mechanism of Breakdown Q. Explain the various theories that explain breakdown in commercial liquid dielectrics. This mechanism is based on the experimental observations of extremely large currents just before breakdown . This high circuit pulses are believed to originate from the tips of the microscopic projections on the cathode surface with densities of the … Read more

Conduction and Breakdown Commercial Liquids Q. Explain clearly suspended particle mechanism of liquid breakdown. Figure A 1. Suspended particle theory In commercial liquids, the presence of solid impurities cannot be avoided These impurities will be present as fibers or as dispersed solid particles. The permittivity of these particles (∈2) will be different from the permittivity … Read more

Factors on Which Breakdown Voltage (BDV) Depends The Breakdown voltage depends on the : Field Gap separation Cathode work function Temperature of cathode Liquid viscosity The liquid temperature The density and Molecular structure of the liquid Typical breakdown system of some liquids are : Hexane 1.1 – 1.3 (MV/cm) Benzene 1.1 (MV/cm) Transformer oil 1.0 … Read more

Conduction and Breakdown in Pure Liquids : When the fields are high (> 100 kV cm ) the current not only increase rapidly. but also undergo violent fluctuations which will die down after some time. Figure A. This is the condition nearer to breakdown. However if this figure is redrawn starting from very small currents, … Read more

Breakdown in Pure and Commercial Liquids Q. Explain the phenomenon of ‘ tracking in solid insulating materials under electrical stress. How it can be minimized. Pure Liquids Liquids which are chemically pure, structurally simple and do not contain any impurity even in traces of 1 in 109, are known as pure liquids. E.g. n-hexane (C4H14). … Read more

Vacuum Breakdown Theories Particle Exchange Mechanism Field Emission Mechanism Clump Theory 1. Particle Exchange Mechanism (PEM) Figure A Assumption : Under the action of the high electric field a charge particle would be emitted from one electrode, and when this charge particle impinge on the other electrode, it liberates oppositely charged particles due ionization of … Read more